Metabolic Engineering of Algae for Sustainable Linalool Production: A Biotechnological Perspective

Abstract

Linalool, a monoterpenoid alcohol widely prized for its aromatic properties, finds extensive applications across the flavor, fragrance, and pharmaceutical industries. Traditionally sourced from plant essential oils, its production is often constrained by low yields, seasonal variability, and the environmental impact of conventional agriculture. Metabolic engineering of microalgae offers a compelling and sustainable alternative. Leveraging their photosynthetic capabilities, rapid growth rates, and ability to thrive on non-arable land, algae present an eco-friendly bioproduction platform. This review delves into the current biotechnological strategies employed for enhancing linalool synthesis in algae, highlighting the critical metabolic pathways, engineering approaches, and the existing challenges that need to be addressed for commercial viability.