The Historical Evolution of Linguistics Survey in India - A Study

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive overview of the historical evolution of linguistic surveys in India, from pre-colonial times to the post-independence era. It begins by exploring early linguistic observations by figures like Amir Khusrau, who informally classified Indian languages, and how these laid the groundwork for more systematic efforts during British colonial rule. The most significant development was the Linguistic Survey of India (LSI), initiated in 1894 under Sir George Abraham Grierson, which documented 179 languages and 544 dialects over several decades. The study also highlights the impact of linguistic data on critical policy decisions, such as the States Reorganization Act of 1956, which redefined state boundaries based on linguistic identities. Post-independence, institutions like the Linguistic Society of India and the Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL) played a key role in documenting and preserving languages. In conclusion, the study advocates for inclusive census practices, expanded mother tongue education, and greater institutional support to protect India's rich linguistic heritage.