Cinematic Dissent and Gender Identity: Transgender Representation as Cultural Resistance in Malayalam Cinema

Abstract

The study critically examines the evolving portrayal of transgender identities in Malayalam cinema, spanning from the 1970s to the present. Utilizing Stuart Hall’s theory of representation and drawing upon both content and discourse analysis, the paper explores how films have historically marginalized, misrepresented, or ignored transgender lives, and how more recent productions attempt to offer nuanced narratives. Through close readings of pivotal films such as Chanthupottu, Ardhanaari, Njan Marykutty, Moothon, and Mike, the study interrogates the sociopolitical frameworks that shape gender identities on screen. It identifies a shift from ridicule and caricature to more empathetic portrayals, while also critiquing lingering biases and harmful stereotypes that continue to pervade cinematic discourse. This analysis underscores the role of Malayalam cinema in both reflecting and contesting societal norms regarding gender and sexuality.